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文章目录󰁋
  1. 一、初识Graphviz
    1. 1.1 简介
    2. 1.2 环境搭建
  2. 二、使用
    1. 2.1 第一个graphviz图
    2. 2.2 带标签
    3. 2.3 子视图
    4. 2.4 结构视图
    5. 2.5 树形结构
    6. 2.6 时序图
    7. 2.7 一个hash表的数据结构
    8. 2.8 模块的生命周期图
    9. 2.9 简单的UML类图
    10. 2.10 有限状态机
  3. 三、语法
    1. 3.1 图像属性
    2. 3.2 交点属性
    3. 3.3 边的属性
    4. 3.4 尺寸, 背景颜色
  4. 四、一些技巧
    1. 4.1 插入图片
    2. 4.2 统一节点和连线

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学会使用Graphviz绘制流程图

一、初识Graphviz

1.1 简介

GraphViz是一个开源的图像可视化的软件,是贝尔实验室开发的一个开源的工具包,它使用一个特定的DSL(领域特定语言): dot作为脚本语言,然后使用布局引擎来解析此脚本,并完成自动布局。graphviz提供丰富的导出格式,如常用的图片格式,SVGPDF格式等

1.2 环境搭建

结合sublime Text插件实时编译预览

使用shift+command+p,输入搜索选中Package Control: Install Package,然后输入GraphViz,然后安装GraphVizPreview即可,安装完成后,只要全选中代码,然后按shift+command+g就可以预览了。

  • 其实也可以直接用brew安装GraphViz,但是每次要敲命令行,太麻烦了

mac下执行

brew install graphviz

终端编译代码 dot test.dot -T png -o test.png

二、使用

Graphviz 支持两类图:无向图(graph,用“ - - ”表示节点之间)和 有向图(digraph,用“ ->” 表示节点之间)。graphviz包含3中元素,图,顶点和边。每个元素都可以具有各自的属性,用来定义字体,样式,颜色,形状等

GraphViz中包含多种布局

  • dot 默认布局,用于有向图
  • neato 基于spring-model算法(force-based)
  • twopo 径向布局
  • circo 圆形布局
  • fdp 用于无向图

2.1 第一个graphviz图

语法介绍 http://graphs.grevian.org/reference

digraph abc{
a;
b;
c;
d;

a -> b;
b -> d;
c -> d;
}

定义顶点和边的样式

digraph abc{
node [shape="record"];
edge [style="dashed"];
a;
b;
c;
d;

a -> b;
b -> d;
c -> d;
}

进一步修改顶点和边样式,将顶点a的颜色改为淡绿色,并将cd的边改为红色

digraph abc{
node [shape="record"];
edge [style="dashed"];

a [style="filled", color="black", fillcolor="chartreuse"];
b;
c;
d;

a -> b;
b -> d;
c -> d [color="red"];
}

其他例子

digraph demo{
label="儿茶酚胺合成代谢路径";

酪氨酸 -> L多巴 -> 多巴胺 -> 去甲肾上腺素 -> 肾上腺素;

下丘脑 -> 多巴胺;
交感神经元 -> 去甲肾上腺素;
肾上腺髓质 -> 去甲肾上腺素,肾上腺素;

酪氨酸 [label="酪氨酸",color=green];
多巴胺 [label="多巴胺", color=red];
肾上腺素 [label="肾上腺素", color=red];

下丘脑 [shape=box];
交感神经元 [shape=box];
肾上腺髓质 [shape=box];
}

2.2 带标签

digraph {

player[label = "player", color = Blue, fontcolor = Red, fontsize = 24, shape = box];
game[label = "game", color = Red, fontcolor = Blue, fontsize = 24, shape = ellipse];

player -> game[label = "play"]
}

2.3 子视图

digraph {

label = visitNet

rankdir = LR

node[color = Red, fontsize = 24, shape = box]
edge[color = Blue, style = "dashed"]

user[style = "filled", color = "yellow", fillcolor = "chartreuse"]
subgraph cluster_cd{
label = "server and browser"
bgcolor = green;

browser -> server
}

user -> computer;
computer -> browser;
}

2.4 结构视图

digraph {

node[shape = record];
struct1[label = "<f0> left|<f1> mid&#92; dle|<f2> right"];
struct2[label = "<f0> one|<f1> two"];
struct3[label = "hello&#92;nworld | {b|{c|<here> d|e}|f}|g|h"];
struct1:f1 -> struct2:f0;
struct1:f2 -> struct3:here;
}

2.5 树形结构

digraph tree {

fontname = "PingFang-SC-Light"
fontsize = 24

node[shape = "plaintext"]

1 -> 2;
1 -> 3;
2 -> 4;
2 -> 5;
3 -> 6;
3 -> 7;
4 -> 8;
4 -> 9;
5 -> 10;
5 -> 11;
6 -> 12;
6 -> 13;
7 -> 14;
7 -> 15;
}

2.6 时序图

digraph time {

rankdir = "LR";
node[shape = "point", width = 0, height = 0];
edge[arrowhead = "none", style = "dashed"];

{
rank = "same"
edge[style = "solided"];
APP[shape = "plaintext"];
APP -> step00 -> step01 -> step02 -> step03 -> step04 -> step05;
}

{
rank="same";
edge[style="solided"];
SDK[shape="plaintext"];
SDK -> step10 -> step11 -> step12 -> step13 -> step14 -> step15;
}
{
rank="same";
edge[style="solided"];
AliPay[shape="plaintext"];
AliPay -> step20 -> step21 -> step22 -> step23 -> step24 -> step25;
}
{
rank="same";
edge[style="solided"];
Server[shape="plaintext"];
Server -> step30 -> step31 -> step32 -> step33 -> step34 -> step35;
}

step00 -> step10 [label="sends order info", arrowhead="normal"];
step11 -> step21 [label="open AliPay", arrowhead="normal"];
step22 -> step12 [label="pay success", arrowhead="normal"];
step13 -> step03 [label="pay success", arrowhead="normal"];
step24 -> step34 [label="pay success", arrowhead="normal"];
}

2.7 一个hash表的数据结构

hash表内容

struct st_hash_type {
int (*compare) ();
int (*hash) ();
};

struct st_table_entry {
unsigned int hash;
char *key;
char *record;
st_table_entry *next;
};

struct st_table {
struct st_hash_type *type;
int num_bins;
/* slot count */
int num_entries;
/* total number of entries */
struct st_table_entry **bins;
/* slot */
};

脚本如下:

digraph st2{
fontname = "Verdana";
fontsize = 10;
rankdir=TB;

node [fontname = "Verdana", fontsize = 10, color="skyblue", shape="record"];

edge [fontname = "Verdana", fontsize = 10, color="crimson", style="solid"];

st_hash_type [label="{<head>st_hash_type|(*compare)|(*hash)}"];
st_table_entry [label="{<head>st_table_entry|hash|key|record|<next>next}"];
st_table [label="{st_table|<type>type|num_bins|num_entries|<bins>bins}"];

st_table:bins -> st_table_entry:head;
st_table:type -> st_hash_type:head;
st_table_entry:next -> st_table_entry:head [style="dashed", color="forestgreen"];
}

2.8 模块的生命周期图

digraph module_lc{
rankdir=TB;
fontname = "Microsoft YaHei";
fontsize = 12;

node [fontname = "Microsoft YaHei", fontsize = 12, shape = "Mrecord", color="skyblue", style="filled"];
edge [fontname = "Microsoft YaHei", fontsize = 12, color="darkgreen" ];

installed [label="已安装状态"];
resolved [label="已就绪状态"];
uninstalled [label="已卸载状态"];
starting [label="正在启动"];
active [label="已激活(运行)状态"];
stopping [label="正在停止"];
start [label="", shape="circle", width=0.5, fixedsize=true, style="filled", color="black"];

start -> installed [label="安装"];
installed -> uninstalled [label="卸载"];
installed -> resolved [label="准备"];
installed -> installed [label="更新"];
resolved -> installed [label="更新"];
resolved -> uninstalled [label="卸载"];
resolved -> starting [label="启动"];
starting -> active [label=""];
active -> stopping [label="停止"];
stopping -> resolved [label=""];
}

2.9 简单的UML类图

digraph G{

fontname = "Courier New"
fontsize = 10

node [ fontname = "Courier New", fontsize = 10, shape = "record" ];
edge [ fontname = "Courier New", fontsize = 10 ];

Animal [ label = "{Animal |+ name : String\\l+ age : int\\l|+ die() : void\\l}" ];

subgraph clusterAnimalImpl{
bgcolor="yellow"
Dog [ label = "{Dog||+ bark() : void\\l}" ];
Cat [ label = "{Cat||+ meow() : void\\l}" ];
};

edge [ arrowhead = "empty" ];

Dog->Animal;
Cat->Animal;
Dog->Cat [arrowhead="none", label="0..*"];
}

2.10 有限状态机

digraph finite_state_machine {
rankdir=LR;
size="8,5"
node [shape = circle];
S0 -> S1 [ label = "Lift Nozzle" ]
S1 -> S0 [ label = "Replace Nozzle" ]
S1 -> S2 [ label = "Authorize Pump" ]
S2 -> S0 [ label = "Replace Nozzle" ]
S2 -> S3 [ label = "Pull Trigger" ]
S3 -> S2 [ label = "Release Trigger" ]
}

三、语法

完整列表 http://graphviz.org/doc/info/attrs.html

3.1 图像属性

  • label="My Graph"; 给图像设置标签
  • rankdir=LR; 将图片由原来的从上到下布局变成从左到右布局
  • {rank=same; a, b, c } 将一组元素放到同一个level
  • splines="line"; 让边框变为直线,没有曲线和锐角
  • K=0.6; 用来在布局中影响spring属性,spring属性可以用于将节点往外推,这个在twopisfdp布局中很有用。

3.2 交点属性

  • [label="Some Label"] 给交点打标签
  • [color="red"] 给交点上色
  • [fillcolor="blue"] 设置交点的填充色

3.3 边的属性

  • [label="Some Label"] 给边设置标签 (设置路径权重的时候很有用)
  • [color="red"] # 给交点上色 (标示路径的时候很有用)
  • [penwidth=2.0] # 给边适配厚度,标示路径的时候很有用。

3.4 尺寸, 背景颜色

  • fixedsize=true;
  • size="1,1";
  • resolution=72;
  • bgcolor="#C6CFD532";

四、一些技巧

4.1 插入图片

digraph {

c[shape = none, image = "./pic.png"]
a -> b -> c;
c -> d;
}

注:需要用命令行dot test.dot -T png -o test.png生成,前提是用brew安装了GraphViz

4.2 统一节点和连线

digraph {

node[color = Red, fontsize = 24, shape = box]
edge[color = Blue, style = "dashed"]

c[shape = none, image = "./pic.png"]
a -> b -> c;
c -> d;
}

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